THE EVOLUTION OF THE CONTAINER SYSTEM

        Before the use of container in delivering goods, man used a caravan that towed by horses. But when the developments of transportations via sea, land and air, the amount of delivering of freight is increasing. But there is no method of handling goods efficiently, at this time goods is delivered on its form. All products other than bulk commodities were moved piece by piece in break bulk. Although the goods is placed in a box, but there are a problem of loading and unload a goods from a ship to a port. Boxes were loaded one by one onto a truck which drove to a port. Dockside, each box was individually unloaded and then mounted into a ship. At the destination, the boxes were unloaded one by one and put on a truck or train for delivery. Not only was the freight handling slow the goods also exposed to damage and pilferage. In early 1830s, railroads on several continents were carrying boxes that could be transferred to trucks or ships, but these boxes were invariably small and not standardized, and originally used for shipping coal on and off barges. Loose boxes were used to containerize coal from the late 1780s, on places like the Bridgewater Canal. By the 1840s, iron boxes were in use as well as wooden ones. The early 1900s saw the adoption of closed container boxes designed for movement between road and rail. Although this boxes is being used, but this method is only suitable in delivering coal or barges not goods.  

        A problem rises that goods is damaged and delayed. As early as World War II, the United States Army began experimenting with using containers for shipment of supplies to the theater. Cargo was delayed at ports due to time required to load and offload ships. The Army was losing money because of pilferage and in-transit damage. In 1948, pilot models were developed and the Transportation Corps adopted the "Transporter, Household Goods, Shipboard," commonly referred to as the "Transporter." The Transportation Corps procured 67 for testing, and along with commercial units, were tested for household good shipments between the US and overseas theaters. In 1951,

an additional 100 Transporters were purchased for use within the Far East Command. Used to ship items from Japan to Korea, then by rail to forward supply points. This experiment, along with the study of household goods shipments demonstrated the effectiveness of the container against damage and pilferage. In 1951 the first purpose-built container vessels began operating in Denmark, and between Seattle and Alaska. In late 1952 the Transporter has been replaced by Container Express (CONEX).

Malcom McLean

        The container system was first been establish in 1955 when Malcom McLean Opinion that “Wouldn't it be great if my trailer could simply be lifted up and placed on the ship without its contents being touched. Then he introduced the standardized box sized to be use in transit the good from one point to other point. This standardized box created are been called and refer as a container. The reason the why the container system was introduce is, before this system exist, the good are been transit so slow and it’s took a lot of cost because it involving a labor intensive, an expensive process and also required a lot of times to fulfill the transaction. The container system also been made to make the process of the arranging the good into a vessel easier whereby the box of the container are a standard. The first purpose built container ship in the United States was the Ideal-X a converted T2, that’s owned by Malcom McLean which carried container between Newark, New Jersey and Houston, Taxes United States on its first sail, in 1956. In 1966 sea-land international maiden took place because of the confrontation with shipping lines. At this time container system has been standardized.

Horse Caravan